This learning solution comprises the topics of Introduction to Fluid Mechanics, Fluid Statics, Fluid Kinematics, Fluid Dynamics, Boundary layer and Dimensional Analysis.
Introduction - Matters, Fluids, Distinguish between solid and Fluid, Fluid concept, Liquid and gas as a fluid, Mechanics, Fluid mechanics, History of fluid mechanics, Units and dimensions. Properties of fluid - Specific volume and specific weight, Specific gravity and temperature, Viscosity, Newton's law of viscosity, Compressibility, Surface tension, Capillarity, Vapour pressure. Problems on properties of fluids. Types of flow - Types of fluid flow, Steady and unsteady flow, Uniform and non uniform flow, Laminar and turbulent flows, Compressible and incompressible flows, Rotational and irrotational flow, One, two and three dimensional flows.
Concept of fluid static pressure - Fluid statics, Pressure, Hydrostatic Law, Pascal law, Pressure head, Pressure terminology, Problems on fluid static pressure. Pressure measuring instruments - Measurement of pressure, Simple manometers, U-tube manometer, Single column manometers, Differential manometers, Inverted U tube differential manometer. Problems on manometer. Total Liquid Pressure - Total pressure on plane immersed surface, Centre of pressure, Vertical plane surface submerged in liquid, Horizontal plane surface submerged in liquid, Inclined plane surface submerged in liquid, Moment of inertia for various sections. Buoyent force and centre of buoyancy – Buoyancy, Archimedes principle, Centre of buoyancy. Kinds of equilibrium of a floating buoyancy stable, unstable and neutral equilibrium - Conditions of equilibrium of a floating and sub-merged bodies. Meta centre and Meta centric height - Analytical method for Meta centre height.
Introduction to fluid kinematics – Scalar and vector fields, Velocity and acceleration field, Problem related to velocity and acceleration. Continuity equation - Rate of flow or discharge, Continuity equation in three dimensions, Problems on continuity equation. Flow visualization - Stream lines, Path lines, Streak lines, Vortex flow. Velocity potential and stream function - Velocity potential function, Stream function, Relation between stream function and velocity potential function, Equipotential line and steam line, Flow net, Circulation and vorticity. Problems on velocity potential function and stream function.
Introduction to fluid dynamics – Equations of motion, Euler equation of motion, Bernoulli’s equation. Problems on Bernoulli’s equation. Application of Bernoulli’s equation - Venturimeter, Discharge through Venturimeter, Orifice meter, Pitot tube, Flow nozzle. Problems on application of Bernoulli’s equation. Linear momentum equation - The momentum equation, Momentum equation uses, Problem on Linear momentum equation, Impact of water jet on vanes - Linear momentum, Application of control volume to moment of momentum equation.
Boundary layer – Introduction, Classification of boundary layer, Zones of boundary layer. Important parameters of boundary layer - Boundary layer thickness δ, Displacement thickness δ, Momentum thickness θ, Energy thickness, Boundary layer characteristics, Problem on boundary layer. Drag force – Drag force and lift, Drag force on a flat plate due to boundary layer, Turbulent boundary layer on flat plate, Total drag on a flat plate due to laminar and turbulent boundary layer, Problem on boundary layer. Boundary layer separation - Separation of boundary layer, Effect of pressure gradient, Location of separation point and disadvantages, Control on boundary layer separation, Problems based on boundary layer separation.
Dimensional analysis – Introduction, Dimensions and units, Fundamental dimensions, Important technical terms, Problem based on dimensional analysis, Benefits of dimensional analysis. Methods of dimensional analysis - Example on dimensional analysis, Buckingham π – theorem, Procedure for solving problems by Buckingham π theorem, Example on dimensional analysis. Dimensionless numbers - Types of forces acting on moving fluid, Important dimensionless numbers. Model and similitude - Model analysis, Similitude. Model laws or similarity law – Introduction, Reynolds model law, Froude model law, Euler's model law, Weber model law, Mach model law, Problem based on Reynold's model law, Problem based on Froude model law, Problem based on Euler's model law, Model testing of partially sub-merged bodies, Classification of models, Problem based on scale ratio for distorted model.
