This learning solution comprises the conceptual procedures about Enviromental and ecology, Water supply scheme, Sources and Conveyance of water, Quality and purification of water, Distribution system and water supply. Classifications and Working process of the equipments are explained in briefly.
Introduction to environment - Segments of environment, Pollutions. Acid rain and green house effect -Ozone layer depletion. Ecology and ecosystem – Introduction, Components of ecosystem, Food chain. Flow of matter in an ecosystem - Ecological pyramid, Flow of energy in an ecosystem, Environmental sustainability, Ecological balance.
Introduction to water supply - Historical development of water supply, Importance of water supply, Water pollution, Need for protected water supply, Water supply scheme, Quantity of water for a town, Factors affecting rate of demand. Water consumption rate for different purposes - Variation in demand of water. Arithmetic increase methods - Population forecasting, Problems, Geometrical increase method, Problems, Incremental increase method, Problems.
Sources of water - Surface sources, Yield of surface sources. Subsurface sources of water - Comparison between groundwater and surface water. Yield from wells – Wells, Technical terms used in finding yield of wells, Yield of a wells, Problems on yield of wells, Well test. Intakes – Types of intakes. Conveyance of water - Types of pipe material, Plastic pipes. Pipe joints - Types of pipe joints, Pipe laying, Testing of pipes lines, Pipe corrosion, Prevention of pipe corrosion.
Impurities of water – Sampling. Physical test of water. Chemical test of water - Metals and other chemical substance, Nitrogen and its compounds, Dissolved gases. Bacteriological tests of water - Quality standards of water. Water treatment plant. Aeration of water. Sedimentation - Plain sedimentation, Types of plain sedimentation basins, Factors affecting sedimentation, Sedimentation with coagulation. Filtration - Classification of filters. Slow sand filter - Working of slow sand filter. Rapid sand filter - Working of rapid sand filter, Comparison of slow and rapid sand filter, Pressure filter. Disinfection of water - Methods of disinfection. Chlorination - Forms of chlorination, Forms of application of chlorine, Factors affecting the chlorination. Hardness of water - Water softening.
System of distribution of water. Methods of water supply. Storage reservoirs - Types of storage reservoirs, Location of distribution reservoir. Layout of distribution system - Dead end or tree system, Grid iron or reticulation system, Circular or ring system, Radial system. Pipe appurtenances - Sluice valve and air valves, Check and scour valve. Water meter and fire hydrants - Water meter, Fire hydrants. Water supply arrangements in building - Back flow. Precautions in laying of pipelines - Water hammer and air locks, Layout of water connection. Water supply pipe fittings - Coupling and wyes, Pipe reducer and pipe bending. Stock cocks and water taps - Ferrule and goose neck.
