Basic Mechanical Engineering - I

Product: Theory Subject
Categories: Engineering
Department: Common Subjects

Features Includes:

  • 146 - 3D/2D Animation
  • 580 Pages of Content
  • 60 Lecture Hours
  • 51 Solved Problems
  • 116 Quiz
  • Suitable for All Technical University Syllabus

Course Description

This course describes and delivers knowledge on overview of mechanical engineering and fundamental thermal devices.

OBJECTIVES:

  • To understand the overview of mechanical engineering and basic thermodynamics
  • To understand about air standard cycles
  • To impart basic knowledge of energy conversion devices
  • To understand about refrigeration and air conditioning
  • To understand basic power plant engineering
UNIT – I OVERVIEW OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING & THERMODYNAMICS

Overview of Mechanical Engineering - Introduction - Definition of Mechanical Engineering - Scope of Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering Profession - Offshoots of Mechanical Engineering - Relation of Mechanical Engineering with Other Engineering Disciplines. Basic concepts and definitions - Statistical and classical thermodynamics - Concept of continuum - Ideal gas - Thermodynamic system - Types of thermodynamic systems - Thermodynamic properties - Thermodynamic state and equilibrium - Thermodynamic process and cycles - Point and path functions - State postulate and property diagrams - Reversible process - Irreversibility and causes of irreversibility - Externally and internally reversible processes. Zeroth law of thermodynamics - Pressure - Zeroth law of thermodynamics - Temperature - Ideal gas temperature scale - International practical temperature scale. Work and heat - Thermodynamic definition of work - Units of work and power - Sign convention of work - Displacement work. Evaluation of displacement work - Constant pressure process - Constant volume process - Hyperbolic process - Polytropic process - Reversible adiabatic process - Work is a path function - Indicator diagram - Other work modes - Heat - Modes of heat exchange - Sensible and latent heat - Comparison between work and heat - Problem based on displacement of work. First law of thermodynamics - First law of thermodynamics for a closed system undergoing a process - Internal energy - The thermodynamic property enthalpy - Flow energy (Flow work) - First law of thermodynamics for a control volume (Open system). Problems based on First law of thermodynamics. Steady state flow process - Turbines - Compressors - Pumps - Nozzles - Diffusers - Heat exchangers - Throttling process - First law for a cyclic process - Energy is a property of a system - Specific heat at constant volume and at constant pressure - Work interaction in a reversible steady flow process - First law for an open system under unsteady flow conditions. Problems based on Steady state flow process. Second law of thermodynamics - Limitations of first law of thermodynamics - The second law of thermodynamics - Equivalence of kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements - Difference between heat engine, refrigerator and heat pump - Carnot cycle - Reversed Carnot cycle - The Carnot principles - Thermodynamic temperature scale - Reversible heat engines, refrigerators and heat pumps operating in series - Perpetual motion machine of second kind (PMM2) - The Clausius inequality. Problems based on Second law of thermodynamics. Entropy - Entropy changes for an irreversible process - Temperature - entropy diagram - Change in entropy. Problems based on Entropy.

UNIT – II AIR STANDARD CYCLES

Introduction to gas power cycle - Gas power cycle - Reversible process - Irreversible process - Condition for reversibility - Air standard cycle. Otto cycle - Processes of Otto cycle - Air standard efficiency of Otto cycle - Effect of compression ratio on the efficiency of Otto cycle - Problem using Otto cycle. Diesel cycle - Processes of diesel cycle - Air standard efficiency of diesel cycle - Mean effective pressure - Assumptions made in diesel cycle - Problem using diesel cycle. Dual Cycle - Introduction to dual combustion - Air standard efficiency of dual cycle - Problem using dual cycle. Brayton Cycle - Operation of air standard Brayton Cycle - Pressure ratio for maximum work - Problem using Brayton cycle. Comparison of cycles - Comparison of Otto cycle and Diesel cycle - Comparison of Otto, Diesel and dual combustion cycles.

UNIT – III ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICES

Steam generators - Classification of boilers - Fire tube boiler - Water tube boiler - Comparison between 'Fire-tube' and 'water tube' boilers - Low pressure boilers - Simple vertical boilers - Lancashire boiler - Cochran boiler - Babcock and Wilcox boiler - High pressure boiler. Introduction to turbines - Introduction - Working principle of steam turbine - Classification of steam turbines - Impulse turbine - De-Laval impulse turbine - Reaction turbine - Pressure and velocity of steam in a reaction turbine - Differences between impulse and reaction turbine. Gas turbine - Advantages of gas turbine over an I.C engine - Classification of gas turbine - Open cycle gas turbine - Methods to improve overall efficiency - Closed cycle gas turbine - Comparison of closed cycle and open cycle gas turbine - Constant pressure gas turbine - Constant volume gas turbine - Basic requirements of the working medium - Fuels used in gas turbine - Application with limitation of gas turbines. Hydraulic turbines - Introduction to turbine - Classification of hydraulic turbine - Pelton wheel turbine - Francis turbine - Kaplan turbine - Difference between the Kaplan and Francis turbine. Working principle of IC engine - Construction of four stroke petrol engine - Four stroke petrol engine - Construction of a two stroke petrol engine - Two stroke petrol engine - Scavenging methods - Construction of four stroke diesel engine - Working of four stroke diesel engine - Construction of two stroke diesel engine - Working of two stroke diesel engine - Comparison of two and four stroke engine - Comparison of diesel engine and petrol engine. Pumps - Classification of pump - Reciprocating Pump - Classification of reciprocating pump - Single acting reciprocating pump - Double acting reciprocating pump - Centrifugal pump - Construction of centrifugal pump - Working of centrifugal pump - Multistage centrifugal pump - Priming of a centrifugal pump - Cavitation of centrifugal pump - Applications - Rotary pump - Internal gear pump - External gear pump - Screw pump - Lobe and Vane pump. Air compressor - Applications of compressed air - Working principle of a compressor - Classification of compressors - Classification of reciprocating and rotary compressors - Reciprocating air compressor - Introduction - Fans - Blower. Rotary compressor - Comparison of reciprocating and rotary compressor - Air motor.

UNIT – IV REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING

Refrigeration - History of refrigeration - Principle of refrigeration - The cycles of refrigeration - Classification of refrigerators - Methods of refrigeration - Various applications of refrigeration - Definitions used in refrigeration - Unit of refrigeration - Entropy. Refrigeration system - Introduction to refrigeration system - Simple vapour compression refrigeration system - Applications of VCR system. Vapour absorption refrigeration system - Absorbent-refrigerant pairs - Desirable properties of refrigerant and absorbent - Simple vapour absorption system - Comparison between VCR and VAR system - Domestic refrigerator - Energy efficiency rating. Psychrometry - Introduction - Psychrometric terms - Dew point temperature (DPT) - Relative humidity (RH) - Degree of saturation (µ) - Psychrometers - Types of psychrometers - Psychrometric chart - Wet bulb temperature lines - Problem using Psychrometric chart. Psychrometric processes - Sensible heating - Sensible cooling - By-pass factor - Humidification and dehumidification - Method of obtaining humidification and dehumidification - Heating and humidification - Heating and dehumidification (Adiabatic chemical dehumidification) - Cooling with adiabatic humidification - Cooling and dehumidification - Mixing of air streams - Problem using Psychrometric chart. Air conditioning - Introduction - Requirement for human comfort - Factors governing the effective temperature - Comfort chart - Comfort air conditioning - Classification of air conditioning systems. Air cooler - - Introduction - Air cooler - Window air conditioner - Split air conditioner - Comparison between air cooler and window air conditioner. Refrigerants - Introduction - Thermodynamic properties - Physical and chemical properties - Classification of refrigerants - Halocarbon compounds - Azeotropes - Inorganic compounds - Secondary refrigerants - Rating and selection criterion of refrigerant - Impact of refrigerants on environment - Greenhouse effect - Global Warming.

UNIT – V POWER PLANT ENGINEERING

Introduction - Electricity demand and power plants - Power plants - Source of energy - Non-renewable energy - Classification of power plants based on sources of energy. Working principles of power plants - Thermal/Steam power plant - Factors governing selection of location of thermal power plant - Gas power plant - Working of gas power plant - Classification of gas turbine power plant - Closed cycle gas turbine power plant - Advantages of gas turbine power plant - Diesel power plant - Introduction to hydroelectric power plant - Working of hydroelectric power plant - Advantages and Disadvantages of hydro-electric power station - Selection of site for hydroelectric power plant - Schematic arrangement of nuclear power station - Nuclear reactor - Heat exchanger - Main parts of the nuclear reactor - Advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power plants.